MANCHESTER, England: Perhaps the most useful and pervasive application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the average person’s life is the large language model (LLM)—a type of machine learning model we rely on for conversational responses to a wide range of questions, from life advice to simple fact-checking. A new UK study has evaluated the performance of three popular LLMs—Gemini, ChatGPT and Grok—in assessments from the Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) and dental hygiene and therapy (DHT) programmes. The research highlights how LLMs can support dental education, but also exposes key limitations, particularly in content generation for student assessment.